Monday, September 30, 2019

Report on Business Administration

Business Administration is the study of the performance and management of a business, including important decision making. There are many different duties related to Business Administration, including office manager, business support, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and many others. Most companies have a dedicated group of administrators. The main areas in Business Administration are management, logistics, human resources, operations, economics, and organization. An administrator checks all these parts of organizations to ensure that they are all working properly and efficiently.The time it takes to earn a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration changes depending on the school. At most colleges that have a business school or department, the course of study takes four years, or eight semesters. The majority of students earn a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration. At some schools, the core curriculum could be extended, and some could be accelerated degree prog rams that can be completed in as little as three full years. If one wishes to pursue a graduate study in Business Administration, it usually requires two years extra.The degree is often called MBA or Masters in Business Administration. One can earn the degree whether on a campus or though online colleges. When a student graduates, he or she will have the knowledge to open his or her own business or work in corporate America. The years that it takes to obtain a Masters in Business Administration is definitely worth the potential success. Considering a degree in Business Administration but do not know what job opportunities await? A major in Business Administration can get results in multiples areas.These areas may be in private business, education, government and retail. A lot would depend on the prestige of the college one graduated from and one’s area of specialties. Important skills such as decision making, clear communication, and organization, can set the structure for a successful business career and a good salary. In general, a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration would be helpful in getting a position in a range of administrative jobs. Most Bachelor’s degrees in Business Administration have many focus areas that would be helpful in preparing one for certain types of jobs.Some examples are accounting, economics, marketing, communications, entrepreneurship, etc. A Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration prepares student for entry-level roles in management and administration. Getting a bachelor’s degree in business administration require a strong base of liberal arts and science classes. Students who desire a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration spend half of their credit hours on general education classes like English Composition, Social Sciences, Statistics, Communications, Economics, Natural Sciences, and Mathematics.While each program differs, most business administration programs select re quired general required courses that students must take in conjunction with open elective slots that student can fill on their own from a list of available classes. Students begin taking business administration classes in their third year, or junior year, and they must have a C average grade or better to remain in good standing, while others schools require a B average or higher. Business Administration courses cover a broad range of specializations, like Economics, Marketing, Management, Organizational behavior, accounting, financing, multivariate analysis and more.The salary for someone with a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration can change, like in any other job. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salary for someone with a degree in Business Administration is $50,000 a year. When trying to get better career opportunities, increased pay and the chance to make one a valuable resource for any sized company, a bachelor’s degree in business administration is one of the best ways to achieve it.This major can get one a variety of very good jobs because while earning this major you learn very effective skills such as logistics, management, speaking skills and more. It also depends on how much time you devote to it. If one continues with their education, and gets masters degree, and then a PhD, it will be very rewarding and get set you a path to a very successful career. There are a lot of schools where you can get a Bachelor’s degree in Business Administration.The top 5 business schools in the country are University of Notre Dame in Mendoza, University of Virginia, Cornell University, University of Pennsylvania, and Emory University. If you already have a bachelor’s in Business and you want to get your Masters in Business Administration (MBA), the top five schools in the country are the University of Chicago, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Northwestern University, and Stanford University acc ording to Business Week. If you want to get a bachelor’s in business and your school does not offer that major, do not worry.There are a lot of majors related to Business Administration. Some of them are Accounting, Business Communications, Finance, Industrial Management, International Business, Logistics Management, Marketing, and Mathematics. With a Bachelor’s degree you have a lot of opportunities. Many people say that student with a Bachelor’s in Business prepares you for a lot of jobs. Sky is the limit! Majoring in business can lead you to a high paying job, and a good social standing. Even though it can be hard to achieve, it is very rewarding to have it. It can open the doors to a successful and productive future.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Engineer is Essay

Engineer is A person who designs, builds, or maintains engines, machines, or structures and a qualified person in a branch of engineering, especially as a professional engineer. Engineers figure out new ways to design, create, or improve almost everything around you. It might sound complicated, but you have most likely acted as an engineer before without even knowing it! If you like math and science, solving problems, thinking creatively or are curious about the world around you and how things work, you are already on your way to becoming an engineer and they are able to solve problems and focus on making things work more efficiently and effectively. Engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to research and develop economical solutions to technical problems. Their work is the link between perceived social needs and commercial applications. Engineers design products, machinery to build those products, plants in which those products are made, and the systems that ensure the quality of the products and the efficiency of the workforce and manufacturing process. Engineers design, plan, and supervise the construction of buildings, highways, and transit systems. They develop and implement improved ways to extract, process, and use raw materials, such as petroleum and natural gas. They develop new materials that both improve the performance of products and take advantage of advances in technology. They harness the power of the sun, the Earth, atoms, and electricity for use in supplying the Nation’s power needs, and create millions of products using power. They analyze the impact of the products they develop or the systems they design on the environment and on people using them. Engineering knowledge is applied to improving many things, including the quality of healthcare, the safety of food products, and the operation o f financial systems. The engineer adapts the findings to Human being usage. He is the central connection between science & culture In order to make a modern Engineer there are many main points to be approached in order to reach that, just like the dynamic & fast changing world demands a more complex role for an engineer. Also, technical skills must be good in non-technical skills like Communication Problem solving Management To be mastered in Engineering there are the Main Skills as: Logical thinking Problem-solving skills Communication skills Design skills Organizational, management and administrative skills References 1. William E. Wickenden, A Professional Guide for Young Engineers, G. R. Henninger (Ed. ), Engineers’ Council for Professional Development, New York, 1967 2. T. K. G. Namboodhiri, Engineering Education in India, J. Inst. Engg. (India), Vol. 66, IDP, 3, 1985 3. Duyen Q. Nguen, The essential Skills and Attributes of an Engineer, Global J. of Engg. Educ. Vol. 2, No. 1, 1998

Saturday, September 28, 2019

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx - Essay Example The latter group is identified as being a dangerous class, which may be swept into a proletarian revolution where the proletariats take over, while also dethroning the bourgeois class (Marx 1). Through the structure of his Communist Manifesto, Marx successfully shows how the history of nations is driven by their economic concerns, as well as how the struggle between the hard working proletariats and the rich bourgeois could eventually result in Communism. Following his examination of the bourgeois’ history and nature, Marx’s Communist Manifesto turns to discussing the development of the proletariat class. In this initial sub-section, it is argued how the bourgeois class developed alongside the proletariats, setting the stage for the eventual destruction of the bourgeois by the proletariats. It is noted how the proletariats only live as long as they can get work, as well as the fact they can only find work if the labor they offer works to increase capital for the bourgeois (Marx 1). In this case, the distinctions based on sex and age became less essential since the proletariats become labor instruments. In addition, as soon as the exploitative boss pays the proletariats, the bourgeois exploit them further (Marx 1). This initial description of the proletariat’s nature sets the stage for Marx to expound on his argument of a struggle between them and the bourgeois. This struggle is identified as involving groups of workers and individual laborers rebelling against the exploitative bourgeois, specifically in the hope that their medieval worker status would be revived. The proletariat is shown as having been initially geographically divided, disorganized, and competition with each other. In addition, even after they formed unions, the proletariats were still under the bourgeois’ influence, which meant that they continued to serve and further the bourgeois objectives (Marx 1). It is at this point of

Friday, September 27, 2019

Nursing organiztion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing organiztion - Research Paper Example This structure is often presented in the form of a chart to clearly identify the mode of delegation of authority in an organization. It is not meant to be the physical premises of the organization but is a part of infrastructure to support an organized group of an organization’s staff to perform in the direction of attainment of the organizational goals. (Blenkhorn, 2005) Organizational structure is the internal, formal framework of an organization that shows the way in which the management is linked together and how authority is transmitted. A typical structure is one that is based on departmental lines, and these departments are divided according to function or the type of work carried out. Structures can be illustrated by means of an organization chart. A traditional one, showing functional structure, is shown in figure 1. Standardization can be explained as a measurement of the applied organizational structure which denotes the extent to which that particular organization is dependent upon processes and regulations in directing its staff behavior. For instance, if there is a policy clarifying the course of action of applying for leave, it is standardization. It can be explained as an important measurement of organizational structure pointing out the extent upon which one or more designations are decided to possess the main locus of authorization. For instance, if we look at a structure chart the chain of command is clearly seen in it. This is meant to be the clear specification of each and every role and position shown in the organization chart. To be more specific we can say that identification of particular tasks performed by that staff member such as the phlebotomist or in a broader sense a specific function may just be identified as for example â€Å"Financial duties†. It is identified as a facet of organization which recognizes the

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Exam preparation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Exam preparation - Essay Example y relate to administrative functions, and this creates room for specialization and empowerment to the job itself other than the person doing it as such retains the skills within an organization. Besides, it makes it easy in moderating calculations for each employee with consideration to tackling individual cases in an organization clarify (Swedberg, 2005). Based on Max Weber theory of management, both scientific management theory and school theories for of social relation are both perquisites to improve employee’s productivity through motivation (Swedberg, 2005). However, the two have conflicting ideology because scientific management entails improving employees’ prosperity and shifts occurring within different job strategies while human relations management is all about improving human resource towards achieving better organizational results. Left and right wing ideologies are political ideologies that aim at improving healthcare challenges by advocating for freedom and modern technologies in healthcare systems. The ideologies advocate against the ones that have previously been in existence. The two wings are different in the sense that left wing advocates for state responsibility in medical care while the right wing believes that everything can still operate with less government intervention (Agarwal, 1986). Capitalism entails as an economic system where private individuals own most industries in the nation. Capitalism economic system mainly constitutes huge labor cost and minimal returns from the industrial sectors. Marx criticizes such economy as quite prone to initiating hostility leading to two different classes in the society and highly susceptible to clashes (Agarwal, 1986). McKenna (2002) clarifies that several debates have existed as to whether management is a profession or not. Despite the fact that most managers own status more similar to engineers or surveyors, I totally disagree with the notion that management is a profession. Based on

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Eassy - Essay Example t is indubitable that all of them need nursing research in order to inform their nursing practice and to be able to provide safe and effective nursing care derived from the best available evidence. It is usually the nurses in clinical settings who are the projected users of research findings of the scientific researches in the area. Due to the inefficient research utilization of the research findings in nursing, many often the patients are unable to gain the best and most effective health care in clinical practices. Significantly, there is a drastic change in the way the health care professionals including the individual practitioners and clinical managers systematize and deliver care to the patients. Therefore, it is most essential to these health care professionals to find and apply new health care knowledge. â€Å"Nursing research improves the practice of nursing and raises the standards for the profession. Involvement in nursing research takes place in designing studies, being p art of a research, collecting data, using research findings to change clinical practice, improving client outcomes and maintaining the cost of health care. Promoting research and research utilisation in practice increases the scientific knowledge base for nursing practice. With the scope of practice constantly expanding for nurses, it is of importance that Enrolled Nurses are familiar with research process, so that they can continue to provide quality care to their clients.† (Funnell, Lawrence, Koutoukidis, and Tabbner 2004, P. 48). In this setting, it is fundamental to comprehend how the nurses working in the clinical setting can ensure that their practice is based on the best available evidence. It is also important to realise the various strategies that nurses in the clinical setting can utilise to enhance the incorporation of research findings to provide safe nursing care. Therefore, research utilisation, which refers to the conversion of the scientific knowledge that has been

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Aristotles View of Friendship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotles View of Friendship - Essay Example A rich man would need friends to bestow some of his riches on them. According to Aristotle, it is friends who would safeguard his riches. And for the poor man, or the man in trouble, it is only friends who are his refuge. Friendship helps the elderly because friends help them when they are weak and in need. Similarly, young people also benefit by friendship as friends advise them and keep them from following wrong ways. Talking about justice and friendship, Aristotle says that there is no need of justice between friends, and the just need friends too. Although philosophers differed on where friendship grows- whether between similar people or between opposites, Aristotle is not bothered by it. According to him just feeling goodwill towards another, which is not reciprocated, is not friendship, but goodwill. He categorizes friendship in three different kinds. Friendship blossoms where the other person is lovable. According to Aristotle, everything is not lovable but only the good, pleasant and the useful. Thus, in friendship too, there is love when the person is good, or pleasant or useful. Aristotle argues that since usefulness changes with time, the friendship cultivated for the sake of usefulness would soon dissolve. Similarly, friendship which grows because it is pleasant is also not permanent. Aristotle defines perfect friendship as that which exists between men who are both good and have the sa

Monday, September 23, 2019

The Right Stuff Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Right Stuff - Essay Example They are the characteristics that the recruiter thinks is correct. So the one with the authority or power defines what the right stuff is. People try to guess the actual characteristics that come under the topic the right stuff but they are only known to the person who has formulated the theory. It is really difficult to find a man with the right stuff and he should have it, not most of it. After the 2nd world war the US were in a race with the Russians for the space mission. It was really important for them to beat the Russians. Many pilots were recruited by the NASA for the space program. New pilots from the navy were also selected. The book tells about the US space program, the test pilots, astronauts and their wives. It shows what the pilots and their wives endured during the space program. The pilots were given a small introduction talk, here they were told about the right stuff and one should have it to get there and not most of it. Many guesses were made but resulted in failur e. Although the right stuff includes the term bravery but it’s not all about it. It includes many other stuff and requirement other than bravery and courage. The pilots underwent rigorous tests and many other tasks to check if they had the right stuff and pilots were being rejected based upon the theory of the right stuff. The pilots became obsessed with it by hearing it in each phase of the tests.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis Research Paper

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis - Research Paper Example There are various interesting issues about the North American market for The Coca-Cola Company in terms of its volume growth or declines for the period. For instance, in the second quarter of 2012, there was a volume growth of 4% at the global level. In the same aspect, in the quarter it turned to 5% in accordance with the year-to-date ratings. Therefore, this suggests that there was a growth of volume by 1% for North America in the succeeding quarter and year-to-date affecting even the international volume that leapt to 5%. Alternatively, in the following second quarter, there was a growth of 3% of net revenues with another 7% of net revenues in the comparable currency (Onkvisit, 2004). This means there were significant growths in the quarters and the net revenues of comparable currency. There was also the operating income standing at 7% with the net revenue of 6%. However, the met revenues have a possibility of decline if there are no checks in the growth of the operating income. It is also essential to note there are varying drivers of profitability during the quarter at The Coca Cola Company. This has also led to, interesting long-term, impact in terms of profits and eventual success. For example, there is the maximization of returns through close monitoring of profits and minimization of losses. In the prospect of maximization of returns, the company ensures that it gives its shareholders a large portion of their volume sales. (Hannaford, 2007). Alternatively, another driving factor is marketing in the context of distribution and donation of both macro and micro profits. In distribution channels, there is the direct and indirect selling type that gives the beverage company an edge of its competitors such as Pepsi and Nestle among others. Therefore, the long term effect of these profits is expansion and increased production in new markets across the world. The Earning per Share results for the quarter in comparison to historic results and long-term growth t argets have interesting information. For instance, in the third quarter, the EPS was a headwind of 5% with comparable net revenue of 7%. This eventually deflated to $ 0.50% in the same third quarter from net revenue of 4%. Similarly, there is also the comparable EPS that stands at 2% from the normal $0.51 in the year-to-date financial analysis (Rich et al 2009). However, if compared to the historic results and the long-term targets, there are various disparities. The historic results posted an EPS of $1.65 from comparable net revenue of 2% and 5% respectively in the third quarter. This means that there will be an increase of volume growth in the context of net revenue and comparable operating income. Furthermore, it would also reflect on the currency neutral of net revenues that affect the financial analysis of Earning per Share. The Coca Cola Company has made tremendous achievements of growth leading to acquisition of other feasible emerging markets. On that account, the emerging m arkets include Thailand, South Africa, India and China that have displayed a notable consumption of the company’s products (Pacek & Thorniley, 2007). This has led the beverage company to make heavy investments in terms of marketing expansion and distribution network. Similarly, there will be an establishment of new bottling plants that generate profits to equal to the net value of the company. Alternatively, the Coca Cola Compa

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Compare and contrast 1920s Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast 1920s Essay 1. One of the main reasons why the 21st century is better than the 1920s is the 19th amendment Women’s Suffrage. This act was passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920. Woman finally gained the right to vote and do the same things men did. Still, most women were not treated as equal as men, yes they had their rights, but they still weren’t treated as fairly as men in a respectable manner. Now in the 21st century woman and men are completely equal they are treated respectfully, if not more respectfully than men are treated. Woman can do everything a man can do without receive a consequence, which compared to the 1920s would be considered a miracle. 2. Back in the 1920s there was a lot of tension in relations between the whites and colored americans. There was many race riots during this period of time which began to create a division between the white and the colored. Which then caused immigration, causing people to become unemployed, because of this the american government started to become worried and confused on what to do. Now, in the 21st century everyone is treated equal no matter what their skin color is , what gender they are, or what their race may be. Which is much different from the 1920s since then America has made an amazing improvement and joined the people together, as one. 3. In the 21st century people complain about how they hate their jobs and don’t get paid enough but if you think about it you should be grateful with whatever job you have. In the 1920s, people had to work all day and not just to feed their family for the day, slaving over working machines so their kids wouldnt be hungry. Not only did they have to work all day but the working conditions they had to work in, make it even worse. Everyday people would be injured come home with a broken hand or broken finger, and they still would continue to work because if not they would be replaced and would die from starvation . Now in the 21st century people complain for working a seven hour shift and only make 50 dollars in the 1920s they would work 20 hours and still not even make half of that. Before you complain about your problems think about how much harder other people had it, and think how the 21st century is like a dream compared to the 1920s.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Aspects of Health and Health Promotion

Aspects of Health and Health Promotion 1) Exercise, in addition to promoting a general feeling of physical well being and aiding weight loss, actually confers protection against disease. Exercise decreases the incidence of coronary heart disease (Powell, 1987). The exercise, to be effective for cardiac protection, needs to be sufficient to increase the cardiac output for some fifteen minutes, and it needs to be taken on a regular basis two or three times a week. Exercise is generally good for health and there are numerous documented health benefits (RCP, 1991). A Mediterranean diet is one which is rich in vegetables, fruit, fish and cereals as well as being accompanied by a small intake of red wine. The amount of red meat is fairly modest as also is the dairy intake. There is evidence that such a diet taken by older people actually prolongs their survival (Trichopoulou, 2005). This study was carried out as a part of the wider EPIC study which investigates the effects of lifestyle on cancer and on other chronic diseases (Riboli, 2002). 2) Obesity is an increasing public health issue in the UK today since an increasing proportion of the population is becoming overweight. Obesity is defined objectively as a body mass index of 30 or more kg/m2. The body mass index is calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in metres. As the body mass index rises so the risk of type 2 diabetes also increases (Colditz, 1990). Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem in that it predisposes an individual to a variety of illnesses particularly coronary heart disease. Additionally an increased proportion of saturated fat in the diet is linearly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (Krentz, 2001) and so it is not just a high body mass index but other aspects of the diet itself which predispose to ill health. Smoking is strongly associated with lung cancer and actual mortality from lung cancer in addition to increased incidence and mortality from other cancers (Doll, 1994). The amount of cigarettes smoked correlates with the degree of risk (Doll, 1994). Smoking also increases mortality from coronary artery disease and stroke (Doll, 1994). Of people who smoke regularly one half will die of a smoking related disorder (Doll, 1994). In evaluating the effects of smoking the Health Education Authority (HEA) (1991) reports that smoking kills 110 000 people each year in the UK. This means that smoking causes one in every six deaths. The HEA (1991) reports that 225 000 hospital admissions annually are due to smoking. 3) When evaluating an individual’s or even one’s own lifestyle, with regard to health, areas of behaviour that could be improved can be further evaluated. For instance there is the danger aspect of the lifestyle for example with abuse of drugs. Such a lifestyle of drug addiction is very likely to be associated with much health morbidity and social disadvantage and in addition a high likelihood of drug related death. Other aspects of an unhealthy lifestyle to consider are the ease with which a change can be made to the specific factor. For instance there might not be the financial means to move from a polluted inner city home or to join an expensive gym. Priority setting should take account of the danger aspect and changes in these life style aspects should be enacted without delay. Stopping smoking radically reduces the risk of developing lung cancer and stopping smoking before middle age avoids 90 per cent of the smoking related health risks (Peto, 2000). Stopping smoking improves the individual’s general quality of life with fewer reports of illness (Parrott 2004). If will power cannot overcome the addiction to nicotine then nicotine replacement medication can be given in a variety of ways and is likely to prove beneficial in breaking the habit (Parrott, 2004). Losing excess weight will improve health. This has been evaluated by Chambers (2002) as a ten per cent body weight loss in an obese person being associated with more than a 30 per cent reduction in risk of diabetic related death. It is also associated with a decrease in blood pressure and a decrease in triglyceride and harmful cholesterol. There is a corresponding increase in the beneficial high density lipoprotein within the blood. 4) Naidoo (2000) describes five health promotion methods. Although they have some overlap they each have a different emphasis. The medical method is largely a preventative one. The educational method improves people’s knowledge whilst the behavioural approach concentrates on altering patterns of behaviour so that the individual learns by doing. Empowerment encourages ownership of problems and self determination to do something about them. The social change is important to create an environment which fosters healthy choices. To assist the smoker in giving up it is the educational and behavioural approaches that are the most appropriate. However the social aspect whereby smoking has become less acceptable also plays an important role. Additionally the legislation making it much more difficult to smoke in public places and the heavy taxation on tobacco also goes some way towards discouraging the habit. The same three methods are important in achieving weight loss in obese people. The behavioural approach also involves some aspect of education and so any evaluation of the effects that are solely due to the behavioural approach are difficult. The educational method of health promotion can be broken down further into the three areas of understanding, attitudes and skills (Naidoo, 2000). The effects of the education approach itself are relatively easy to evaluate by studying the patient’s knowledge before and after an educational intervention. 5) Information leaflets are available at general practitioner’s surgeries and within hospitals giving information about smoking cessations and how to get help with pharmacological agents when necessary. The suitability will vary according to the patient’s needs and attitude at the time of seeing the leaflet. A particularly useful approach is where, as is the case with cigarette smoking, there is health promotion material in a variety of formats for instance also including a website. Advice and information on the advisability or being an appropriate weight for one’s height is also available in a number of formats. When evaluating material on an internet site it is important for the source to be acknowledged and for the site to be continually kept up to date (Ewles, 2004). The Government generated slogan â€Å"eat five a day† is designed to reinforce the message that eating fruit and vegetables in the diet is advantageous for health and it promotes a higher intake of these foods. It is a short catchy message which has been widely disseminated in a number of formats. It has reached a very wide audience and is likely to be increasing peoples’ intake of fruit and vegetables. The message is short and confined to increased intake of particular foods but does not encompass within its message that these foods should be eaten instead of high fat or high sugar content foods. If the message had incorporated a slogan about food substitution it might have had more effect on obesity. 6) Fear can be a motivator for instance the knowledge that drink driving is a strict liability offence and will result in the removal of the individual’s driving licence and resulting major inconvenience and also social stigma. Shock can be a motivating factor for instance the television advertisements in the drink driving campaigns leading up to Christmas are often designed to present the message in an emotive way to really bring home to the individual the grief that drink driving can bring about. The health belief model (Naidoo, 2000) suggests that people need to have a trigger or an event in order to change their behaviour. The theory of reasoned action (Ajzen, 1980) encompasses the individual actually weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of changing together with a desire to conform to what every one else is doing. The conformity aspect is particularly important within this theory. The social learning theory (Bandura, 1977) involves outcome expectations and belief in the ability to make the change. This is particularly pertinent to the decision by an obese person to lose weight. 7) To maintain the change the health promotion messages need to be kept up and be consistent. A change in the behaviour of others coupled with changes in social attitudes (for instance in giving up smoking) may be helpful.The messages about not smoking from advertising and messages for instance in soap operas by actors refusing cigarettes will still have an effect on the individual who has given up smoking. It is likely that such messages as well as being noticed by the ex-smoker will have particular meaning for them and act as continual motivators to their healthier lifestyle. Once a change in behaviour has come about, for instance eating a better diet or not smoking, the health benefits of actually feeling better and more attractive may be motivators to maintaining the improved behaviour. These motivating factors may constitute a resistance to change as behaviour becomes set in the new way (Lewin 1951). References Ajzen I Fishbein M 1980 Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour. Prentice Hall. Bandura A 1977 Social learning theory. Prentice Hall. Chambers R Wakley G 2002 Obesity and overweight matters in primary care. Radcliffe. Oxford Colditz GA Willett WC Stampfer MJ et al 1990 American Journal of Epidemiology 132 501-13. Doll R Peto R Wheatley R 1994 Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years observation on male British doctors. British Medical Journal 309 901-11 Ewles l Simnett 2004 Promoting health a practical guide 5th edition Bailliere Tindall London Health Education Authority (1991) The smoking epidemic: counting the cost in England and Wales. HEA. London Krentz AJ Bailey CJ 2001 Type 2 diabetes in practice. Royal Society of Medicine Press London. Lewin K 1951 Field theory in social science; selected theoretical papers. Harper and Row New York Naidoo J Wills J 2000 Health promotion foundations for practice 2nd edition Bailliere Tindall London Parrott S Godfrey C 2004 ABC of smoking cessation. British Medical Journal 328 947-9 Peto R Darby S Doe H 2000 Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: combination of national statistics with two case control studies. British Medical Journal 321 323-9 Powell KE Thompson PD Caspersen CJ et al 1987 Physical activity and the incidence of CHD. Annual review of Public Health 8 253-87. RCP (Royal College of Physicians) 1991 medical aspects of exercise: benefits and risks. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians. 25 193-6. Riboli E Hunt KJ Slimani N 2002 European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) study populations and data collection. Public Health Nutr 1113-24 Trichopoulou A Orfanos P Norat T et al 2005 modified Mediterranean diet and survival: EPIC-elderly prospective cohort study BMJ 330 991

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Little Women by Louisa May Alcott :: Louisa May Alcott, Little Women

It is interesting that Louisa May Alcott writes Little Women, in which she incorporates her own feelings and experiences. In fact, Jo's character is a near replication of Alcott herself. This makes the novel all the more interesting and personal, with the author speaking directly through the protagonist. Alcott writes the novel from third person limited point of view, focusing chiefly on Josephine March. She develops the characters brilliantly throughout the entire work, especially the March girls. Each sister is entirely unique, and yet so tightly bound together through their love for one another. Little Women takes place during the Civil War in a small town in Massachusetts. The Marchs live a life of poverty with their father in the war. Through this hardship, the girls: Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, learn to be thankful in all circumstances and help those less fortunate than themselves. The girls are very hopeful and dream of a brighter future. Each experiences adventures and pursues her own dreams. In the end, they are still gathered as one family, grateful for their many blessings and for each other. Josephine March is the protagonist, a tomboy who refuses to submit to the traditional image of ladyhood. This mindset is radically different from a typical woman of her time. Jo possesses an innate passion for writing and literature in general. However, she loses much of her headstrong independent nature through marrying Professor Bhaer. She gives up writing as he is a significant critic of her style. The reader is exposed to two the dramatically different sides of Jo March. She is rebellious, fiery, and outspoken, wishing all the while that she was a man who could fight in the war along side her dear father. Jo stresses and works to keep her family together, becoming extremely upset when Meg and Amy become married. With their father absent, Jo assumes the male role as a father figure in many ways. Nevertheless, her flaws only make Jo a more lovable character. The reader cannot help but adore Jo for her sheer humanity, much like Huck in Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Amy is the youngest March sister. She is ladylike, artistic, and is regarded as the beauty of the March family. Often fantasizing a life of riches and popularity, Amy's thirst for worldly pleasures represents the inner desires of man.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Yellowstone National Park Essay -- Parks Recreation

Yellowstone National Park Yellowstone National Park is one of the largest and oldest national parks in American history. Yellowstone was the first park to be protected by private investment on March 1, 1872, and the first to be put under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service in 1918, no doubt due to its unique and inspiring landscape and geothermal features. In fact, Yellowstone National Park is home to half of the world’s total hydrothermal features. These awesome attractions draw an incredible amount of visitors, an average of two to three million each year, to Yellowstone’s immense landscape. The park has a total size of 28,125 square miles, is found in three distinct states, and is considered to be one of the largest intact temperate zone ecosystems in the world today (Yellowstone National Park Official Homepage). Following thousands of years of Native American occupation, the area now known as Yellowstone National Park was officially "discovered" by western-traveling fur traders and settlers, whose stories of bubbling mud and gushing geysers seemed at first to be delusional tall tales. Traffic increased to the area, however, and more and more Americans grew in awe of the area's hydrothermal features, wild animal and plant life, petrified trees, and impressive Yellowstone River and Lake. The area's intense and moving landscape soon moved president Ulysses S. Grant to sign the Yellowstone National Park Act on March 1, 1872, which protected the area from private development and placed it under the protection of the United States Army, who managed Yellowstone from 1886 to 1916. Yellowstone National Park sparked the creation of the National Park Service, and soon became the first national park in American his... ...as the first American national park to be founded for good reason – this dynamic and stirring area deserves to be conserved and enjoyed for decades to come. Works Cited: Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names. Retrieved April 20, 2004, http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_gtr30/lynx_appA.pdf "History of the Park." Yellowstone Resources and Issues. National Park Service, 2003. 19-30. â€Å"Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.† Yellowstone Resources and Issues. National Park Service, 2003. 31-52 Schullery, Paul and John D. Varley. Yellowstone Center for Resources. The Yellowstone Lake Crisis: Confronting a Lake Trout Invasion. 1995. Retrieved March 8, 2004, http://www.nps.gov/yell/publications/pdfs/laketrout2.pdf Yellowstone National Park Official Webpage. National Park Service. Retrieved April 20, 2004, http://www.nps.gov/yell/indes.htm

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

A Comparison of Vistor Frankenstein and Henry Jekyll Essay -- Papers C

A Comparison of Vistor Frankenstein and Henry Jekyll Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are two horrific tales of science gone terribly wrong. Shelley?s novel eloquently tells the story of a scientist, Victor Frankenstein, who creates a living monster out of decomposed body parts, while Stevenson?s novel describes the account of one, Henry Jekyll, who creates a potion to bring out the pure evil side to himself. Although the two scientists differ in their initial response and action to their creations, there are strong similarities between their raging curiosity to surpass human limitation, as well as their lack of responsibility concerning their actions. These similarities raise an awareness of human limitation in the realm of science: the further the two scientists go in their experiments, the more trouble and pain they cause to themselves and to others. In Frankenstein, Victor is extremely excited about his creation, but once the monster becomes animated with life, he is horrified and abandons his work. Dr. Frankenstein, upon seeing the reality of what he had created, had a moment of realization, ? . . . when those muscles were rendered capable of motion, it became a thing such as Dante could not have conceived? (Shelley 57). In the previous quotation, we, the reader, see Victor?s utter shock and abandonment of the project. When Victor notices the creature?s muscles twitching, his eyes are opened to what he has really done: ?Oh! No mortal could support the horror of that countenance? (Shelley 57). He had not thought about the consequences of creating a being, only the actual task. Unlike Dr. Frankenstein?s abandonment, Dr. Jekyll finds his experiment intriguing eve... ...ankenstein is horrified of what he is done, whereas Jekyll seems to be virtually proud of his scientific accomplishment and murderous ruse. Both scientists discover that all of their pride and knowledge cannot conquer the unknown and unimaginable. For this and other reasons, despite their differences, Dr. Frankenstein and Dr. Jekyll are both captivating literary characters that attempt to create and conquer the human mind. By investigating their similarities, we, as readers, critics, and scholars, can more fully understand the mode of scientific thinking and rationale in the nineteenth century. We also observe the consequences of two characters that overstep the bounds of reality and human conscience. Bibliography: Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. New York: Penguin, 1983. Stevenson, Robert Louis. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. New York, Penguin, 1978.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Orruption in Primary Education in Bangladesh Essay

Introduction The adult literacy rate is 51 percent The average number of teacher per primary school is only 4 Average number of students per primary school is 273 The primary teacher-student ratio is 67:1 Source: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 2 Development in Primary Education Adoption of an education policy in 2000 Five-year cycle to an eight-year cycle by 2010 Free and compulsory primary education for all children; Free education for girls up to grade eight; Free books for all children at primary level; 3 Development in Primary Education A food-for-education programme Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP) Creation of a separate Primary and Mass Education Division (PMED) A proliferation of non-formal education programme by NGOs, and 4 Achievements in Primary Education Net enrolment rate has reached 80 percent Over 70 percent of the students now complete the five-year primary cycle 60 percent are present in school on an average day Source: Campaign for Popular Education & The University Press Ltd. 5 State of Corruption, Mismanagement and Irregularities in Primary Education All these programmes are infested with endless flaws and irregularities. TIB Household Corruption Survey identified the education sector as fifth corrupt sectors (2002) TIB Corruption Database identified the education sector as the third most corrupt sectors (2004) TIB and Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs) conducted a Report Card Survey in the primary education to identify the gaps and flaws in our basic education level as well as to locate and dispose of corruption. 6 Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs) TIB developed six Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs) Mymensingh Kishoregonj Nalitalari Madhupur Muktagacha, Jamalpur The main objective of the formation of the CCCs is to create local groups which would serve as local lobbyists seeking to curb corruption, instigate reform and promote integrity in the public service delivery system. 7 Sources of Data Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey, TIB (2001) Report card survey is a simple approach for organizing public feed back Report Cards are designed to assess the nature, types, extent and implications of corruption, and at the same time facilitate stakeholders participatory movement for improving the quality of service in the sector. 8 Name of Areas and number of different respondents for the Report Card Survey (2001) Respondents Area Mymensingh Muktagachha Jamalpur Kishoregonj Nalitabari Madhupur Gouripur Sharishabar Total Headmaster 23 25 20 21 19 20 21 22 171 Student 115 124 120 120 120 120 113 134 966 Guardian 115 124 120 120 120 120 113 134 966 Total 253 273 260 261 259 260 247 290 2103 9 Sources of Data Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey, TIB (2002) Information from 3030 Households Corruption Database: TIB (2004) Information from 26 Dailies Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey, TIB (2005) Information from 3000 Households Quality with Equity: The Primary Education Agenda, Campaign for Popular Education Bangladesh (2005) 8212 Respondents 10 Corruption in admission in primary education TIB Report card Survey (2001) shows that 6. 52% of the primary students paid Tk 63/- on average as admission fees . TIB Household Corruption Survey (2005) showed that 40% primary students had to pay 209 taka as admission fees 11 Irregular subscription/fees TIB Report Card Survey (2001) revealed that each student of primary schools had to pay 47 taka on average subscription for at least nine purposes which is illegal TIB Household Corruption Survey (2005) revealed that each student of primary schools had to pay 58 taka on average subscription for at least nine purposes which is illegal 12 Percentage of students who paid illegal fees 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. Sp or ts Bo ok s rit ua ls m ot io n ex am ex ta in m lE po se s th er pu r am . xa en t En te r Pr om 2n d Re lig io us m 1s tT er Te Fi na rm 2001 2005 Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) O 13 Amount of average illegal fess 2001 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 3 0 m ion ok s . ex am or ts t en ls r it ua us io O th er inm lE Bo ex Sp os es pu rp am xa ot om Pr te En 2005 er m Fi na tT Te rm rta 1s d 2n Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005). Re l ig 14 Corruption in Food for Education Program 16 % of the cases the criterion was not observed 15. 5% of the students paid on an average Taka 32 to be included in the programme Subscription was collected by teachers, Dealers and from Others On average every student received 2. 47 Kgs food grain less every time Missing 1241 tons of food grain in 8 Upazillas equivalent to 12 million taka (1USD=52 taka) Source: Corruption in Primary Education:A Report Card Survey (2001) 15 Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP). Started from July 2002 substituting the former Food for Education Programme (FFE). Aim of attracting and keeping more children, especially of the poor Forty percent of the students in rural area are eligible to receive Tk 100 stipend per month Identification of 40 percent of pupil enrolled in grades 1-5 from the poorest households by School Management Committee (SMC) To remain eligible for the monthly stipend, a student has to attain minimum 40 percent marks in term examinations and have 85 percent monthly class attendance. 16 Corruption in Primary Education Stipend Programme (PESP). Over two-thirds of the children from the poorest category were not selected to be recipients of stipend; 27 percent of children from affluent households received the stipend 32. 4% primary school students who have been enrolled for stipend had to pay 40 taka for their enrolment 46 percent of the stipend holders did not receive the full amount of stipend Source Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) Source: Campaign for Popular Education & The University Press Ltd. 17 Corruption in Upazilla Primary Education Offices 34% of the responding headmasters said that bribes are occasionally required to be paid 13% said that they have to do so every time. Source: Corruption in Primary Education:A Report Card Survey (2001) 18 Consequences of corruption Concerned officials of primary education collected 19. 85 million taka (1USD=52 taka) as illegal subscription from 8 areas (out of 500 areas). Concerned primary education officials collected 546 million taka (1USD=60 taka) as illegal fees from all over Bangladesh Concerned PESP officials collected 25 million taka from primary students to enroll them in the PESP from all over Bangladesh . Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) 19 Perpetrators of Corruption 1. Teachers 2. Food dealers 3. Management committee of institutions 4. Employees of institutions Source Corruption in Primary Education: A Report Card Survey (2001) Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2005) 20 Causes of corruption 1. Absence of accountability 2. Discretionary power 3. Lack of transparency 4. Monopoly power 5. Influence of powerful people Source Corruption in Bangladesh: A Household Survey (2002) 21 The objectives of CCCs advocacy activities on Primary Education. Ensuring quality education in all classrooms implying that there shall remain no room for pursuing any kind of ill motives for personal gain of any concerned party; Promoting collection of reasonable and standard fees in all primary schools; Ensuring that schools keep proper record of official fund collection and expenditure; Promoting the effectiveness of School Management Committees (SMC) and the Parent-Teacher Associations (PTA) to work as watchdog bodies for the betterment of local-level education; Suggesting strategies for meaningfully reducing the rate of dropouts. 22. TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs The advocacy undertaken by CCCs for achieving the above objectives are at three level; Firstly, the CCCs are working to increase mass people through mobile theatres, mothers’ gathering and parents-teachers gathering etc. Secondly, the CCCs are trying to build coalition with School Management Committee (SMC), Upazilla Education Committee, and with the Civil Society. Finally, the CCCs are working with the concerned officials including Upazilla Education Offices, District Education Offices, Upazilla and District administrations etc. 23 TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs Most of the upazilla primary education offices have taken initiatives for curbing corruption in their offices. As a result, corruption has somewhat reduced in the offices of the upazilla primary education offices. A number of teachers informed the CCCs that they are not giving bribes in the education office for their services. Because of CCC advocacy, a number of education offices decided on a fixed amount of fees for various purposes. The teachers are no longer collecting illegal fees from the students. 24 TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs The CCCs have been invited by the Upazilla Education offices to participate in preparing yearly plan. The concerned education officials have requested the CCCs to help them to form the School Management Committee (SMC); The CCCs obtained formal consent to work with two Primary Schools for turning them into â€Å"Islands of Integrity† in each area; Many facets of the local education system appeared to have acted on the CCC-designed recommendations. 25 TIB initiatives to curb corruption from Primary education: Success of CCCs TIB’s suggestions, voiced via CCCs, were taken seriously and changes to record-keeping systems were made as per CCC recommendations; the CCCs had 15 specific reform-oriented recommendations; CCCs have been successful in persuading school authorities to clearly specify the school tuition fees, the rate of stipends, and supplying books on time, at no extra cost to guardians. It was made clear that the CCCs would continue to act as watchdogs for ensuring transparency and accountability; 26 Further Information Md. Sydur Rahman Molla Senior Programme Officer Research Department Transparency International Bangladesh Progress Tower (5th Floor), H # 01, R # 23, Gulshan –1, Dhaka –1212 PH: 880 2 9884811, 8826036, Fax: 880 2 9884811 Email: srmolla@ti-bangladesh. org Web: www. ti-bangladesh. org 27 Thanks 28.

Accounting Standards in China and Australia

Until recently, China has used a set of accounting standards that were quite unique in their records.   These standards were the legacy of a socialist period in Chinese history and rather than keeping records of loss and profit for a corporation operating in China, they mainly concerned themselves with keeping track of all of the assets available to the corporation.By not keeping close tabs on the debts that a corporation owes, the accounting standards in China have long been considered lax by the outside world and have hindered international companies who wish to have headquarters in China.For instance, a corporation in China with holdings internationally, such as in the United States, must create end of the year accounting reports using the Chinese Accounting Standards, another set using the International Accounting Standards, and a third using the North American Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, creating an overload of work and an extreme cost to the corporation.Recently the Finance Department of Chinese Government has begun a process which will translate the current Chinese accounting methods from their archaic status to where they will more closely mirror the International Accounting Standards which incorporate the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.Previous to this decision to reform the way that Chinese corporations report their accounts, the Chinese system involved simply classification of ownership, industry, and government, giving companies an extreme amount of leeway in the ways in which they conducted business.   Now the Chinese government has instituted that each corporation must keep track of all debits and credits, report manufacturing costs as well as capital maintenance, and provide yearly financial statements.The first true accounting standards in China were implemented in 1997 and changes continue to be made to bring the country’s financial practices up to date.   Currently this transformation is still in progress, so any foreign company with a subsidiary in China must still comply with not only their country’s accounting practices but also with the Chinese straight line accounting practices which allow for a much slower depreciation of capitalized assets.For those wishing to not use the straight line method, the only way to use an accelerated accounting method with regards to Chinese holdings is to receive explicit permission from the Ministry of Finance.   Another difference in Chinese accounting methods is the difference in tax deductibility.For instance, China charges significant tax charges on intercompany transactions and treats transfer pricing of the upmost importance in order to receive a large cut of international taxes.   Incorrect interpretation of Chinese tax laws can lead to severe fines for corporations.In Australia, the corporate accounting practices previously used have also come under fire in previous years for being widely different from internationally accepted a ccounting standards.   In response, Australia began to work the internationally accepted accounting principles into their current system, effective January 1, 2000, and have also developed the Financial Reporting Council which is responsible for overseeing the accounting practices of both   public and private corporations operating in Australia.The previously lax Australian reporting standards which did not require corporations to conform to one specific type of accounting practices nor give stringent guidelines in so far as what reports were required by the government are being phased out by the International accounting standards which allow Australia to develop along with the global economy.Australia has also instituted an Australian Accounting Standards Boards to periodically re-evaluate corporate accounting practices in Australia as well as enforce the new standards being phased in.   Australia is working to harmonize their standards with those of the International Account ing Standards Committee and is also a part of the G4+1 global group which monitors the setting of international accounting standards.Works CitedAustralian Government. (2009, May 5). Australian Accounting Standards Board. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Australian Accounting Standards Board: http://www.aasb.com.au/Home.aspxChina Accounting Standards. (2007, February 15). Retrieved May 5, 2009, from China Orbit: http://www.chinaorbit.com/china-economy/chinese-accounting-standards.htmlLehman Brown. (2009, February 12). Chinese Accounting FAQ. Retrieved 5 May, 2009, from Lehman Brown: http://www.lehmanbrown.com/FAQ-Acc.htmQueensland University of Technology. (2008, June 15). Accounting Standards. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Queensland University of Technology Library: http://www.library.qut.edu.au/learn/type/accountingstandards.jsp   

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Examine Pushkin’s Use of the Supernatural in ‘Pikovaia Dama’

Examine Pushkin’s use of the supernatural in ‘Pikovaia dama’ (‘The Queen of Spades’). To what extent could this text be described as a ‘ghost story’? The first setting is a card party hosted by Narumov of the Horse Guards. Hermann the young engineer was always watching the others play until the early hours of the morning but had never actually partaken in the card game himself. Tomsky starts to talk about his grandmother, Countess Anna Fedotovna. All the others listen eagerly while he tells a story about his grandmother’s gambling sixty years ago in Paris. She had lost a large sum playing the card game Faro.When her husband refused to pay off her debts, which she could not do so herself she has to look elsewhere for the money. Tomsky goes on to tell of his grandmother’s acquaintance with a man named Count de Saint-Germain, â€Å"the subject of so many weird and wonderful tales†. One of those tales mentioned in the nov ella is that he was the inventor of the elixir of life. A potion which could be used to bring eternal life to whoever drank it. This is the first sign of the supernatural in the story. Pushkin by no means shows any feeling of the tales of Count de Saint-Germain to be true.It is actually quite the contrary as Tomsky starts off by saying â€Å"You know he passed himself off as the†¦ † indicating that he was trying to convince people he was but in actual fact very few believed him. Also the use of â€Å"and so forth† indicates he is getting bored of listing these ‘wonderful’ tales about the Count. He then goes on to say that people used to ridicule him. For all the Count’s mysteriousness he was though a very wealthy man. The Countess requested to meet with him in the hope that he would pay off her debts out of the kindness of his heart.After all, that kind of money would not even make a small dent in the Count’s wallet. After pondering her proposal he said â€Å"I can accommodate you as far as the sum of money goes, but I know you would be at ease until you had repaid me, and I would not wish to encumber you with fresh worries†. Instead he wanted to give her a secret which would allow her to win all her money back. By now all the guests at the card party were listening intently. The countess turned up at a card game the same evening the Count had given her the secret.Playing Faro, the same game they themselves were playing at the part, the Countess selected three cards. All three cards won, coming up one after another and she had recouped all of her losses. There was a very sceptical reaction to the story. One said â€Å"Pure luck! † and Hermann remarked â€Å"A tall story†. Tomsky also tell of his grandmother passing down the secret once to a young man she took pity on. He also won with all three cards. Without calculating the odds it is fair to say that Pushkin is not expecting us to believe tha t these sequences have occurred twice out of pure luck.Therefore it is up to the reader to decide in this situation if the tale of the magical secret should be believed. It is not being told from the narrator’s point of view but instead from Tomsky’s. It could be perceived as being no more than a drunken story made up in a bar to impress a few friends and acquaintances. The next time Pushkin presents with something of the supernatural is much later on in the story in chapter five. Since the time that Tomsky had told the story of his ageing grandmother’s secret, the young engineer, Hermann, had become obsessed with the notion.In trying to obtain the secret from the Countess he had accidentally killed her. Three days after that night he had decided to attend the funeral at a local monastery. After the oration at a full church the relatives were first to go up and take leave of the body. Then it was the turn of all other guests wanting to pay their respects. After many had gone it came to the turn of Hermann who was feeling no real remorse for killing the old lady. â€Å"He bowed to the ground and lay for several moments on the cold floor, strewn with fir-twigs.At length he rose, pale as the corpse itself, ascended the steps of the catafalque and bent down. †¦ At that moment it seemed to him that the deceased gave him a mocking glance and winked an eye. Hermann in hastily recoiling missed his footing and crashed faced upwards to the ground. He was helped to his feet†. The way Pushkin says in this paragraph â€Å"it seemed to him† almost implies that it did not actually happen at all and that it was only in Hermann’s imagination. This could be a as a result of guilt Hermann may feel for killing the old lady or could even be a sign that Hermann is going mad.Later that evening Hermann went to an inn and drank a fair amount of wine, which was very uncharacteristic for him. On arriving home he jumped straight into bed ful ly clothed and fell sound asleep. In the middle of the night he woke up because of the moonlight flooding his room. â€Å"At that moment someone peeped in at his window from the Street and immediately walked away. Hermann did not pay the slightest attention to this. A minute later he heard the door of the next room being opened. Hermann thought that it was his orderly, drunk as usual, coming home from a night walk.But he heard an unfamiliar footstep: someone was softly shuffling along in slippers. The door opened: a woman in a white dress came in. Hermann took her for his old nurse and wondered what could have brought her at such an hour. But gliding across the floor the white woman suddenly stood before him—and Hermann recognized the Countess! † â€Å"I have come to you against my will,' she said in a clear voice, ‘ but I am commanded to grant your request. Three, seven, and ace will win for you in succession, provided that you stake only one card each day and never in your life play again.I forgive you my death, on condition that you marry my ward, Lizaveta Ivanovna. . . .† Hermann was the only one to see this, his orderly remain asleep throughout the whole episode. Once again the element of supernatural is only witnessed by Hermann. On top of this he has been drinking heavily which Pushkin could have pointed out to lead us to believe that is was all in Hermann’s mind. With the three cards Hermann believed the Countess told him engraved in his mind he made his way to a card game in Petersburg. Hermann placed an extremely high stake on the first card, higher than the table had ever seen before.The dealer dealt and a three turned up on the left, a win for Hermann. The next evening he was back and placed even higher stakes on the seven card, another win. The next evening Hermann was back once again and everybody was gathered around the table in excitement. Hermann of course choosing ace as the Countess had told him. Tchekalinsk y began dealing; his hands trembled. A queen fell on the right, an ace on the left. ‘The ace has won! ‘ Hermann said, and showed his card. ‘Your queen has lost,' Tchekalinsky said kindly. Hermann shuddered; in fact, instead of an ace there lay before him a Queen of Spades.He could not believe his eyes or think how he could have made a mistake. At that moment it seemed to him that the Queen of Spades screwed up her eyes and gave a meaning smile. He was struck by the extraordinary likeness. . . .'The old woman! ‘ he cried in terror. On this occasion we can be sure that it’s all in Hermann’s mind as all the other players and spectators clearly see a different card to the one that Hermann is seeing. It also adds to the theory that Hermann was slowly losing his mind throughout the story with him finally being admitted to a mental hospital in the novella’s conclusion.In my opinion I think it would definitely be possible to label The Queen of Sp ades as a ghost story on the premise that the main character, Hermann, believes he sees a ghost. At the same time Pushkin seems to go out of his way to give us a logical reason for all of the supernatural occurrences in the story, whether it be alcohol, dreams, guilt or just simply hallucinations. There are also so many different layers to the story that labelling it a ghost story would omit so many other possible labels. Garry Evans

Saturday, September 14, 2019

The Highland Towers Collapse and Ramp Construction

Introduction The intent of this essay is to happen out from a field, a edifice that experienced building calamity, analyze its short approachs and come up with solutions and recommendations of what could be done to guarantee the same job doesn’t happen in the hereafter. The edifice upon which the R esearch is based in this assignment is called the Highland tower, a edifice in Selangor Malaysia which collapsed and 48 people died and 12 others were evacuated from the other edifice. The Highland Towers prostration was an flat edifice prostration that occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang, Selangor, Malaysia. The prostration of Block One of the flats caused the deceases of 48 people and led to the complete emptying of the staying two blocks due to safety concern. It was one of the most tragic edifice accidents in Malayan history where residential towers collapsed and killed people. Since so, the authorities and its subordinates sat down in a commission to see a manner forward for the building industry particularly building in hilly countries to minimise casualties. The event has been widely publicized, when an American tourer in peculiar because it is captured in the following 10 yearss and taken to the Tower of exposure a dramatic sequence, and brainsick deliverance operations. Building professionals with the instance of several of import influence in Malaysia, which will be the focal point of this paper, but besides lead to tort jurisprudence in Malaysia interesting development and elucidation. Case survey Highland Towers consists of three 12-storey edifices in a steep hill, was later extensively on the patios in the early 1980s in western base built in phases between 1974 to 1982. Each block is named: Block1 ( built in 1977, the most southern ) Block2 ( built in 1979, north-west block 1, somewhat elevated than the other two, the closer to the top of the hill ) Block3 ( built in 1981, the Northwest block 1, block West 2 ) . Parking behind the mountain rain collapsed edifice in the swimming pool located on both sides and the rear between Northwest Northeast parking batch after the landslide caused by the failure of the retaining wall behind the edifice failed, for 10 yearss. The tower is home to the flush middle-class households ; considerable proportion of occupants are exiles. Highland Tower was one time ill-famed early 1980s and 1990s for affluent people to conceal their kept woman popular topographic point. The H2O tower is behind a little watercourse known as the â€Å" East Creek. † Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower â€Å" before building. Later, construct a grapevine system to deviate flow to short-circuit the tower in 1991, a new lodging development undertaking, called † Wu Antarabangsa Development Project â€Å" , located in the tower Peak behind the start. As a consequence, the mountain has been cleared of trees and other flora and land screen, soil eroding exposed la nd, which will take to set down slides from the building site of the H2O diverted into the river to deviate the flow of the same East piping systems. finally, the grapevine system to go over- pressurized H2O, sand and silt from the Eastern Creek and the building site. pipe explosion at different locations in the mountains, the dirt had to absorb extra wet. December 1993 monsoon rains further declining the state of affairs. ( Block One of the Highland Towers collapsed ) Role and duties The Architect ( I ) there is no defence of this contact is a limited one, at least you must guarantee that other facets of the work of others is competent to finish. Defensive designer, he merely retained the design and supervising of three flat edifices, and denied that his scope extends to the drainage, earthworks and retaining walls. It was dismissed by that tribunal. The tribunal held that the designer must take into history the edifice on which is built in the locality of the land, and the land itself, the safety appraisal of the edifice, it must be evaluated. [ In add-on, the tribunal held that as a affair of fact, the designer concerned about the vicinity and the edifice itself, when he submitted the layout program, the governments because it includes high tower behind the incline patios and drainage. Therefore, he must guarantee that the work carried out although others in a competent and workmanlike mode ] ( Ii ) there is no difference between the standard attention of unqualified physicians Although the designer in world merely a edifice draughtsman, measure their behaviour on the tribunal has the ability to architect a criterion that if a individual is unqualified, but showed himself to hold a accomplishment, he will be judged by the criterion a competent and qualified staff. ( C ) there is no alibi to state that mandatory employer does non follow with ordinances Finally, the Court seems to hold categorically rejected the designer ‘s alibi that he can non make anything to halt his foreman ( employers and applied scientists in obtaining certifications of fittingness in three flat edifices do non carry through the conditions stipulated by the local governments in collusion background, alternatively of patios and retaining walls to guarantee proper design, provide and sufficient to defy, even though he knew it would impact the edifice, he was in charge ) incline instability – the Court has made clear that, when the jurisprudence is broken, the designer must describe to the governments – after the designer must guarantee that the jurisprudence, even in the hazard of being discharged. Engineer Defense applied scientist, he merely retained the design and supervising of three flat edifices, Highland Towers compound constructions within two retaining walls, and submit programs, drainage, and two and denied his scope extends to the drainage, earthworks. It was dismissed by that tribunal. The tribunal found that applied scientists must take into history the edifice on which is built in the locality of the land, and the land itself, the clip to measure the safety of edifices, must be evaluated. He should guarantee the stableness of the incline behind Highland Towers. His responsibilities non by a mere belief that they are built on terraced inclines and retaining walls were discharged by an applied scientist or other adviser. He should inquire the professional is qualified, whether he was making what impact the safety of cascading tower. [ Neglect other facets of applied scientists – a serious misdemeanor of the governments to take attention of his duties to a presentment issued by the purchaser, and merely 10 per centum is based on the sanctioned drainage building ] In drumhead locations near edifice professionals need to be considered, every bit good as the safety appraisal of the site itself, particularly taking into history the next hillside. Building professionals to take part in a limited scope can non conceal behind, these are the things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be capable to the responsibilities owed to the range of their service is non limited to this. Building professionals required to guarantee that others do the work to prosecute them in the design may impact / supervisory construction is competent, workmanlike mode to transport out the work. If you think the general edifice professionals have expertise in a specific country of aˆâ€ ¹aˆâ€ ¹eligibility when they are unqualified, their behaviour will be a step of this expertness qualified physician. After constructing professionals must guarantee that jurisprudence and, if necessary to describe to the governments if their clients interrupt the jurisprudence, even in danger by their client to be discharged. Case application on jurisprudence of civil wrong Negligence The Highland Towers determination becomes another Malayan High Court determination which diverges from the attack of the English Courts and adopts the attack taken by other Commonwealth legal powers in leting the recovery of â€Å"pure economic loss† , particularly where sufficient propinquity can be demonstrated between the negligent act and the loss. Pure economic loss is the loss related to the merchandise itself which is faulty by ground of carelessness, as opposed to the loss or harm caused to the belongings of the Plaintiff by this faulty merchandise. Nuisance In this cause of action, a Defendant is apt if the Plaintiff can demo the Defendant is responsible for a status or activity which interferes with usage or enjoyment of his land, and that status or activity is non a sensible user by the Defendant. The Highland Towers determination, necessitating the complainant must set up an extra demand that is the type of harm whether the suspect could moderately foreseeable, the rules adopted from English instance jurisprudence on the extension of the perturbation is limited in Malaysia, Cambridge Water Company leather Co. Ltd. v. Eastern European states. Cause of structural failure The H2O tower is behind a little watercourse known as the â€Å" East Creek. † Eastern Creek flows into the tower site tower â€Å" before building, so the constitution of the grapevine system is to deviate the flow to short-circuit the tower. In 1991, a new lodging development undertaking, called ‘Bukit Antarabangsa Development Project ‘ , located in the tower under building behind the top of the hill. The mountain is cleared of trees and other flora and land screen, land exposed dirt eroding is a major factor doing landslides. Construction site of the new H2O diverted into the bing grapevine systems used to reassign the East river flows. This heavy-duty piping and H2O, sand and silt from the river and E into the grapevine building site. Pipes burst, several topographic points in the mountains, and the environing dirt to absorb extra wet. December 1993 monsoon rains farther impairment of the state of affairs. The H2O content in the dirt becomes ace saturated, so that the dirt has become syrupy, really go the grade of clay. October 1992 by the hillside is saturated with H2O, the H2O is fluxing down the inclines and considered retaining walls. Shortly thenceforth, landslides, destructing the building of a retaining wall. Landslide mud that contains an estimated one hundred 1000 square metres – a mass equivalent to 200 Boeing 747 aircraft. Rammed earth base to first, bit by bit forcing it frontward. After a month of this changeless force per unit area, foundations snapped and November 1993, the occupants began to see clefts organizing and spread outing the Highlandss environing the tower, on the route warning of prostration. Unfortunately, no farther probe before a prostration December 11, 1993. Safety governments and Investigation processs. These were the findings of the probe that came from the accident. Besides bespeaking who was to fault for the happening of the accident. Within the first 24 hours, merely two adult females and an baby were pulled out of the debris. Indonesian amah Umi Rashidah Khoruman, 22, and her 18-month old girl Nur Hamidah Najib, survived the ordeal, but the 2nd adult female, Nipponese national Shizue Nakajima, 50, succumbed to her hurts. Concluding study from the probes showed that It was the mistake of the belongings proprietors non to run out the land that caused the silt to construct and therefore the monolithic land slide that led to the prostration of the construction that claimed 48 lives. Liabilitiess. The followers are the tribunal ‘s findings of liability: The first suspect was negligent in presuming duty non to prosecute a qualified designer, edifice patios insufficient, inadequate, could moderately be expected to hold caused the prostration of the retaining walls and drains eastbound recreation from its natural class and failed to guarantee that the incline is equal H2O pipe culverts, and detest non maintained drains and retaining walls. The 2nd suspect ( the designer ) is assumed liability for carelessness does non guarantee equal drainage and retaining walls built in the next Highlandss tower site, which he foresaw or should hold foreseen that the edifice would jeopardize the hillside, he is responsible for, non specified with the governments on drainage, and the first suspect and the 3rd suspect ( applied scientists ) collude to acquire fitness certification does non carry through the conditions by the 4th suspect ( local governments ) are required, in making so does non follow with his responsibilities, the designer and no probe retaining walls, even though he knew they would impact the terraced hillsides and building of edifices, he was responsible for, and hatred, because he is an unreasonable land users. The 3rd suspect ( applied scientist ) is behind the carelessness of duty without sing the hillside or incline of the tower, there is no footing for the design and building to suit sidelong burden or instead landslide has ensured that the next incline stableness, without execution of the sanctioned drainage program, and the first and 2nd suspects colluded to acquire fitness certification does non carry through the conditions stipulated by the 4th suspect and a nuisance, because he is irrational usage of land. The 4th suspect ( local governments ) Although the carelessness of its construction-related occupations. That is about the edifice program blessing procedure to guarantee the execution of the sanctioned building of drainage systems, and in the Certificate of Fitness job remains because S95 Street, Drainage and Building Act ( 2 ) unsusceptibility. The 4th suspect, but a care map Eastern watercourse tardily in carry throughing its building can non be spared for its carelessness. It besides attracted a nuisance liability. The 5th suspect ( Arab – Malayan fiscal BHD ) is apt for the carelessness of failure to keep drains their land, and in the land after the prostration of the steps taken to reconstruct stableness. Seventh suspect ( Metrolux belongings ) and its undertaking director, the 8th suspect, who is the duty of carelessness and nuisance, to forestall H2O from fluxing into the downhill ( into their web site ) , but to steer the watercourse of H2O into the East, when they knew or ought to hold known, this will increase the sum of H2O injected into the clay and, in peculiar, have their ain extended land glade, travel east into the watercourse, it will be deposited, which will in bend ( to turn out ) cause or contribute to drainage mistake system and a prostration. The 9th and 10th suspect ( fundamentally the province authorities ) , found no liability due to a proficient job on the prosecution of a peculiar political party. The 6th suspect ( who carried out the work site clean- Arab – abortion purchaser of land in Malaysia ) found no grounds of duty. Redresss About redresss the first this is happen a qualified contractors and qualified Designer and building applied scientist. In this instance causes of edifice prostration the chief ground is to happen designer contractor caused by the irrational. So we summary have five points: ( I ) Nearby locations edifice professionals need to be considered, every bit good as the safety appraisal of the site itself, particularly taking into history the next hillside. ( Ii ) edifice professionals to take part in a limited scope can non conceal behind, these are things that they themselves and their employers, but they may be capable to the responsibilities owed to the range of their service is non limited to this. ( Iii ) edifice professionals required to guarantee that others do the work may be engaged to oversee their influence in the design / building is competent, will transport out their work, a workmanlike mode. ( Iv ) if the edifice professionals think they have expertise in specific countries when they are unqualified, their behaviour will be a step of this general makings expertise qualified physician. ( V ) building professionals must guarantee that the jurisprudence after a study to the governments if necessary, if their clients interrupt the jurisprudence, even in danger by their client to be discharged. The 2nd thing to make is to guarantee that the experience and expertness to this undertaking. Following to it is to guarantee that all stuffs and constituents to be installed and used in order to prove its functionality and satisfactory conformity with the needed criterions. For illustration ; specific research lab trials should be taken before utilizing compressive strength, stableness and lastingness. Finally, before any portion of the undertaking is complete, responsible for the blessing before its following regulative organic structures should be. The undertaking is a theoretical account for all the points necessary trials, carried out before the existent execution. Engineers can besides utilize the cause of the conditions and other facets of the theoretical account. The 3rd thing is because this state of affairs has occurred for many old ages, although the tribunal has non yet made the determination, but still want to remind contractors, who together oversee project quality, and how to decide some of the hazard about. Do non allow the calamity go on once more. Percentage Frequency of Causes of Building Collapse ( Malaysia 1960-2010 )NOInvestigated causes of edifice prostrationMalayaPercentage ( % )1Structural failure1102Faulty design2203Poor craft1104Substandard stuffs1105Due to environing edifice development2206illegal transition007Inexperience contractor3308Building use00entire10100So in this tabular array we can see Causes of Building Collapse most ground is Inexperience contractor. Now we need clean know find an experient contractor is really of import, faulty design and due to environing edifice development besides account for a big proportion. Recommendations From the above analysis and treatment presented, you can deduce that the chief ground for the edifice ‘s structural failures, design mistakes and hapless craft, which may besides be applicable to other states in the universe. Besides from the consequences of this survey, it is believed that there are three types of claims, can bring forth any edifices collapsed, that contract claims, civil wrong claims and incidents of both contract and civil wrong claims ; This means that a party can be made in this both his / her petition. Therefore, the undermentioned recommendations for who had suffered losingss in the square edifice prostration Events so that their demands: ( I ) The Government shall endeavour to help in the probe of any incidence of edifice prostration, to let victims to cognize the responsible party, and from whom to do a claim. ( two ) The Government should help proprietors or who have suffered the loss of a edifice prostration in the event a 3rd party to prosecute their instances in tribunal as they do their other demands, if they can non, because The expensive nature of the proceedings. ( three ) The Government should ordain Torahs that will better the effectivity and criterions for the building of edifices. ( four ) In add-on, the authorities should supervise, manage and implement the jurisprudence, its effectivity. ( V ) Every edifice proprietor should guarantee that qualified professionals and experient contractors are engaged in transporting out their building procedure. ( six ) Every professional organic structure should supervise their members and besides be ready to punish any error-prone member who ISS found apt in constructing prostration incident. Decision Ramp building led to landslides – like we decidedly hear a batch of intelligence, and landslides claimed more and more of life events, why is everyplace and droping of trees for the building of the activities. Otherwise, this calamity 21 old ages ago can be avoided! I hope the Government will earnestly look at this issue! Mentionshypertext transfer protocol: //malaysiafactbook.com/Highland_Towers_collapsehypertext transfer protocol: //www.nst.com.my/nation/general/i-saw-highland-towers-block-crash-to-

Friday, September 13, 2019

Clinical reflection log 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Clinical reflection log 1 - Essay Example Throughout this night, most of the staff and team kept on asking Carey about many things going on in the Unit, in order to double check with her regarding their decisions. On the second night, I was so impressed from what I saw during the reporting time that physicians and nurses join together. I believe this is an amazing way to help all those who are going to work in that shift, and make them aware of what they have, and what they don’t have. Afterwards, there is a designated nurse with the responsibility to assign patients to each nurse, and coordinate the work flow. I also greatly appreciate introduction of a small card that mentioned patient name, case and room number. Which helped nurses to take over patient of another nurse. In a busy day, or for any other reason, handing-over of the card of a patient to another nurse allows her to take care of a patient who is not her patient. Honestly, I am planning to apply this idea to the hospital that I am going to work with in future. I also attended the cesarean section. I observed that there was some miscommunication between nurses and physicians which delayed the state case to enter the operation room. The CNS, Carey, encouraged the primary nurse to speak out her thoughts. After that, the primary nurse talked to the doctor regarding this miscommunication, and that was really helpful to correct the mistake and avoid any similar instance next time. Precisely, this is one of the requirements of WHO Quality Improvement Team Debrief. Afterwards, Carey and I spent time in the Unit’s QS system that shows all patients files, and the CTG that was connected to the mother’s room. The night was quiet, and I noticed that the Unit had the same advanced equipment as in my home country. But there was something amazing. Wherever we went around in the Unit, there was a huge screen to show everyone the CTG, with the mothers and

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Operation supply managerment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operation supply managerment - Research Paper Example They sell the said berries in bulk and bags. 2. Analysis Below is the process flow for wet and dry cranberries Assumptions: 70% of the berries are wet. The average wet berries arrival rate = 1050 bbls per hour [(18000/12)*70%] The average arrival rate of dry berries = 450 bbls per hour [(18000/12)*(30%] Receiving of cranberries- The berries are received at receiving plant No. 1. The average truck delivery load is 75bbls. Temporary Holding- 27 bins are being used for holding both dry and wet berries. 1-24 of them will be holding bins that will hold 250bbls of barriers each. 25-27 holds 400 bbls berries each. Total capacity: (250*24) + (400*3) 6000 + 1200 = 7200 bbls. Destoning – They have 3 destoning units, each having a capacity of 1500 bbls. Total Destoning Capacity: (1500 * 3) = 4500 bbls. Dechaffing - They have 3 dechaffing units, each having a capacity of 1500 bbls Dechaffing unit capacity: (1500 * 3) = 4500 bbls/hr Drying - They have 3 drying , each having capacity of 200 bbls Drying Unit capacity: (200 * 3) = 600 bbls. Milling – The berries are moved to separator building from RP1. 3 separator units are used, in which average capacity of each unit is 400 Total Milling capacity: (400 *3) = 1200 bbls Bulking - Berries are then loaded to the bulk trucks. There are 2 bulk stations and capacity of each station is 1000 bbls Total bulking capacity: (100*2) = 2000 Bagging - 8,000 bbls of berries per day are uniformly distributed over 12 hours starting 7am. Maximum capacity per hour: 8000 / 12 = 667 bbls It is assumed that processing will start at 7AM. The holding bins will continue to be filled at the rate of 1050 bbls for wet berries and 450 bbls for dry berries to the maximum capacities of holding bins. The holding bins that are capable to hold wet berries will be filled completely after 3.03 minutes (3200/1050) that will be at 10.03 AM. The trucks that carry wet berries will have to wait after that. At the same time the process will start from 11 am in this four hour time period (7 am to 11 am) the quantity of wet berries will be 4200 bbls (1050*4) and for dry berries it will be 1800 bbls (450*4). Holding bins are not capable to hold all bins so excess 1000 bbls will wait on arriving trucks. The process will start at 11 am for dry berries with 600 bbls/ hour that are higher than the rate of its arrival. The 1800 bbls of dry berries will decline at the rate of 150 bbls per hour. The process for wet berries will also start at 11 am with a rate of 600 bbls per hour that is less than its arrival rate. It will cause growing queue of trucks until 7 pm. It will cause 7800 bbls in system and 3200 in bins and rest will be in truck. The trucks continued to be unload until 2.40 am and process will be continued until 8 am. At the same time, to empty the next slot of berries, the remaining quantity of berries will be arrived. The total berries that will be processed are 600*12 = 7200 bbls. The total waiting hours for trucks will be as f ollow - Processing rate = 600 bbls/ hour Arrival rate = 1050 bbls/ hour Processing time for 3200 bbls of wet berries = 5.3 hours or 5.18 minutes It means next process will start at 3.24 pm. Total berries will be processed = 3200+ 2016 (3.36*600) =5216 Remaining berries will be on truck, it means trucks will have to wait for (12600-5216)*(15.24-10.03)/2/75 = 256. 5 truck hours [15.24 equal to 3.24 pm] Total number of trucks = 18.32 or 19

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

The Cold War and The Post-Cold War Periods Essay

The Cold War and The Post-Cold War Periods - Essay Example ost half of the twentieth century caused mutual suspicions, a series of global incidents, and heightened tensions resulted in world’s superpowers involving is disasters. Most Americans claim that it was Ronald Reagan who emphasized the ending of the Cold War. However, many historians point the Soviet Economy as the main factor that led to the end of the Cold War. The Soviet economy stagnated following the expensive race of weaponry. Due to this, Gorbatsjov was forced to change the Soviet economy using his â€Å"perestrojka† policies. This situation caused a definite economic fall. During this time, the Soviets found it difficult to maintain a firm grasp over eastern European satellite states. The policy of Gorbatsjov glasnost caused a lot of strain to the Eastern Europe. Therefore, afterwards, the Berlin Wall came down marking the ending of the Cold War. One of the main challenges that Europe faced after the end of the Cold War was security issues. The security environment of the European countries has been increasingly unstable and uncertain since the year 1989 when the Cold War ended. What is mainly affecting Europe after disintegration of USSR, Csechoslovakia breakup, and Yugoslavia crisis is the unravelling political arrangements that were established after the ending of the First World War (Mearsheimer 23). There are new territorial and ethnic issues that resulted from the Cold War. These issues have caused much destabilization in Europe and undermining efforts of creating new and stable security orders in Europe. Historically, after the end of the Cold War, most European states are unable to solve complex security problems by their own. After numerous enlargements, the Union of Europe currently has twenty seven members who have inevitably turned out to be international players. Additionally, despite the increment of EU and NATO membership, Cold War also brought political differences between Eastern and Western Europe (Phillips 54). On top of these

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Laurence Oliviers Hamlet Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Laurence Oliviers Hamlet Film - Movie Review Example Discussion: In a chronological approach to the assessment, reviews from 1948 will first be examined. In his New York Times reviews, in September 1948, Bosley Crowther was almost lyrical in his praise. As mentioned earlier, he cited the power of the camera use, as it With regard to the cuts, which included some soliloquies and the characters, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Fortinbras, Crowther is dismissive, considering cutting these to be "judicious editing" that "has given much greater clarity to its noted complexities" (1948). It appeared that this reviewer glossed over the Freudian, Oedipal context that many others identified, stating that Although the piece in Variety magazine was less intellectual in content and approach, it did touch on similar thematic aspects. The article, produced by Variety Staff, was completely positive and celebrated everything about the film. The cuts were dismissed as: Again, the review did not linger on the Oedipal content, emphasizing the concept, taken from the opening voice-over, of "the tragedy of a man who couldn't make up his mind" (Olivier, 1948) The camera work was given praise and importance, as "deep-focus photography" and "bold crane-shots" that speed the action and give "grandeur and spaciousness" (Variety, 1948) Olivier's own thoughts and explanations were published as extracts from his book, "Hamlet: The Film and the Play", in September 1948 in the New York Times. He justified the cuts on the basis that the play "is very seldom played in its entirety, even on the stage." (Olivier, 1948). While he accepted that many Shakespeare purists might and did object, he had a valid point that needs to be included here. By creating a cinematic representation, he intended to make Shakespeare accessible to all. "But think for a moment of the audience reached by the film, who never go to a theatre.." (Olivier, 1948) His comments on the power of the camera to "nose into corners and magnify details that escape notice or pass muster on the stage," echoed the views expressed in the reviews discussed here. His thoughts are included here, not only to illustrate his motives, but also to underline that his intentions seemed to have succeeded, judging by the responses at the time. Recent reviews, arising from the re-issue of the film on DVD in 2000, carry the same positive responses and echo the themes identified so long ago. This would suggest that the film has the enduring power of the classic, a description fully deserved. In an email thread that reiterates this contention, Brian

Monday, September 9, 2019

Criminal Liability Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal Liability - Coursework Example The paper tells that criminal law is a body of statutes and rules that deals with crimes and their punishment; the law defines conduct that is prohibited because it can harm, endanger or threaten the welfare and safety of the public. Fitzerald is aged 13 years and is engaging in behaviours that can threaten public safety; he threw stones at passing car and it hit Gordon’s car and severely injured Gordon. In the second instance, he threw a stone at Dan but missed him and hit John instead. In advising Fitzerald, I will tell him the following legal facts relating to his behaviour; one, under UK law, age 13 years (his age) is under the age of criminal responsibility. Therefore, his behaviour should not be based on the assumption that because he considers himself a child he cannot be found guilty of a crime. As a matter of fact, within England and Wales, a child over the age of 10 years is considered to be responsible for crime as a result of their actions and should face legal con sequences if found guilty. Children below the age of ten years are considered doli incapax and are therefore not capable of forming criminal intent. The law assumes that children under the age of 10 years do not adequately understand differences between right and wrong acts and cannot be responsible for their actions. But children over 10 years are assumed to understand this difference just like adults and can be tried for their actions which may be deemed to amount to a crime. In addition, I will advise Fitzerald on what constitutes a crime according to the law. Glazebrook (2011, p. 49) explains that a person can be found guilty of a crime if it can be proven that that person had intended to commit the act before. Secondly, a crime can be committed through reckless actions of a person; that is, a person not caring about the consequences of his or her actions. Therefore, in Fitzerald situation it is clear that he can be accused from the two perspectives of what constitute a crime. F or example, in the first instance where he was throwing stones at passing cars, it can be said he did that with an intention to harm motorists or he was simply reckless and did care about the consequences of his actions. In the second instance, he had intention to hit Dan but he missed and hit John instead. In both instances, his actions can cause harm to the public and threatens public safety as well. Without doubt his actions which can be supported by substantial evidence in the court of law can result to him being charged and convicted. I will let him know what will inform the decision to convict him in court; one of the major reasons will be retribution which will make him ‘suffer’ in some way as a punishment of harming and making others suffer due to his actions (Mitchell and Farrar, 2008, p. 70). The second reason for his punishment will be rehabilitation. Law Library of Congress (2011) notes that the main aim of punishing criminal offenders especially children is to transform them into members of society who are valuable and can coexist peacefully with others. I will tell him that rehabilitation will aim at preventing future offense through convincing him that his conduct was wrong. Thus, in the light of the legal facts that I will have given to him, I will advise him to desist from such acts in the future to avoid being arrested. Instead, he should divert his time and energy to more constructive activities such as reading. Q2: A’s Criminal Liability and B’s Possible Legal Position Considering the circumstances surrounding the incident involving person A and B, A is not criminally liable for his actions because the intent to cause